1868

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1868 was 3 years before the founding of the City of Birmingham and 49 years after Alabama first became a state.

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Walter McAdory in 1904

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In 1868, the Meiji Restoration restored the emperor to power in Japan. Andrew Johnson became the first President to be impeached by the House of Representatives; he is acquitted by one vote in the Senate. French geologist Louis Lartet discovered the first identified skeletons of Cro-Magnon. The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified. Wyoming became a territory. Ulysses S. Grant defeated Horatio Seymour in the presidential election. The world's first traffic signal lights were installed in London. President Andrew Johnson granted unconditional pardon to all Civil War rebels.

Books published in 1868 included the first edition of The World Almanac and Book of Facts, Little Women by Louisa May Alcott, and In Search of the Castaways by Jules Verne.

Notable births in 1868 included civil rights leader W. E. B. Du Bois, physicist Robert Millikan, author Maxim Gorky, Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, writer Gaston Leroux, explorer Robert Falcon Scott, traveller Gertrude Bell, mathematician Felix Hausdorff, chemist Fritz Haber, and actress Eugenie Besserer. Notable deaths included astronomer Léon Foucault, King Ludwig I of Bavaria, Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia (suicide), frontiersman Kit Carson, former president James Buchanan, mathematician August Ferdinand Möbius, King Mongkut of Siam, composer Gioachino Rossini, and Chief Black Kettle.

1860s
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