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*[[September 15]]: [[Addie Mae Collins]], [ | *[[September 15]]: [[Addie Mae Collins]], [[Denise McNair]], [[Carole Robertson]], and [[Cynthia Wesley]] died in the [[1963 church bombing|bombing]] of the [[16th Street Baptist Church]]. Teenagers [[Johnnie Robinson]] and [[Virgil Ware]] were killed during riots and protests in the bombing's aftermath. | ||
:''See also [[List of Birmingham homicides in 1963]]'' | :''See also [[List of Birmingham homicides in 1963]]'' | ||
Revision as of 18:46, 18 February 2008
1963 is the 92nd year after the founding of the City of Birmingham.
Government
Art Hanes was mayor and president of the commission for the first part of 1963 and Albert Boutwell, a very strong minded Democrat was Mayor from 1963-1967. The Memorial Auditorium was renamed Boutwell Memorial Auditorium was named in honor of Boutwell.
Events
A watershed in the civil rights movement occurred in 1963 when Birmingham Civil Rights Movement leader Fred Shuttlesworth requested that Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) come to Birmingham to help end segregation. Together they launched "Project C" (for "Confrontation"), a massive assault on the Jim Crow system. During April and May daily sit-ins and mass marches were met with police repression, tear gas, attack dogs, and arrests. More than 3,000 people were arrested during these protests, many of the children. These protests were ultimately successful, leading not only to desegregation of public accommodations in Birmingham but also the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
While imprisoned for having taken part in a nonviolent protest, Dr. King wrote the now famous Letter from Birmingham Jail, a defining treatise in his cause against segregation. Birmingham is also known for a bombing which occurred later that year, in which four black girls were killed by a bomb planted at the 16th Street Baptist Church. The event would inspire the African-American poet Dudley Randall's opus, The Ballad of Birmingham, as well as jazz musician John Coltrane's song, "Alabama."
Sports
Buildings
Births
Deaths
- September 15: Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, and Cynthia Wesley died in the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church. Teenagers Johnnie Robinson and Virgil Ware were killed during riots and protests in the bombing's aftermath.
- See also List of Birmingham homicides in 1963
Notes
<references />
See Also
| 1960s |
| << 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 >> |
| Births - Deaths - Establishments - Events - Works |