Timeline of the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham: Difference between revisions
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==[[1963]]== | ==[[1963]]== | ||
* [[January 18]]: [[Governor of Alabama|Governor]] [[George Wallace]] made his first inauguration speech, calling for "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever". | * [[January 18]]: [[Governor of Alabama|Governor]] [[George Wallace]] made his first inauguration speech, calling for "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever". | ||
* | * [[April 3]]-[[May 10]]: [[Birmingham Campaign]] | ||
* [[April 3]]: The "[[Birmingham Manifesto]]" was issued and the first organized sit-ins took place at downtown lunch counters. | |||
* [[April 7]] (Palm Sunday): Ministers [[John Thomas Porter]], [[Nelson H. Smith]] and [[A. D. King]] led a group of 2,000 marchers to protest the jailing of [[Civil Rights Movement]] leaders. | |||
* [[April 11]]: The [[Birmingham Public Library]] board voted to desegregate the city's public libraries. | |||
* [[April 12]] (Good Friday): [[Martin Luther King, Jr]] was arrested for parading without a permit. | |||
* [[April 16]]: [[Martin Luther King, Jr]] completed his "[[Letter from Birmingham Jail]]" | * [[April 16]]: [[Martin Luther King, Jr]] completed his "[[Letter from Birmingham Jail]]" | ||
* [[May 2]]-[[May 4|4]]: [[Children's Crusade]] | * [[May 2]]-[[May 4|4]]: [[Children's Crusade]], marked by the use of [[police dogs and firehoses]]. | ||
* [[May 10]]: A truce was announced, ending the [[Birmingham Campaign]]. | * [[May 10]]: A truce was announced, ending the [[Birmingham Campaign]]. | ||
* [[June 11]]: Governor Wallace made his "[[Stand in the schoolhouse door]]" before [[Vivian Malone]] and [[James Hood]] successfully enrolled at the [[University of Alabama]]. | * [[June 11]]: Governor Wallace made his "[[Stand in the schoolhouse door]]" before [[Vivian Malone]] and [[James Hood]] successfully enrolled at the [[University of Alabama]]. | ||
* [[August 28]]: Martin Luther King, Jr delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. | * [[August 28]]: Martin Luther King, Jr delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. | ||
* [[September 10]]: [[Birmingham City Schools]] were integrated by National Guardsmen under orders from President Kennedy. | |||
* [[September 15]]: [[16th Street Baptist Church]] was [[1963 church bombing|bombed]], killing four children. | * [[September 15]]: [[16th Street Baptist Church]] was [[1963 church bombing|bombed]], killing four children. | ||
Revision as of 23:03, 17 November 2009
This is a Timeline of the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham, covering related events throughout the Birmingham District during the main thrust of the Civil Rights Movement from 1952 to 1965:
1954
- May 17: The United States Supreme Court issues its ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
1955
- June 29: The NAACP won a court order preventing the University of Alabama from barring the enrollment of Autherine Lucy and any other African-American applicants.
- October 10: The United States Supreme Court upheld the lower court's order in Lucy v. Adams
1956
- February 3: Autherine Lucy successfully enrolled as a graduate library science student at the University of Alabama
- February 6: Lucy was suspended from classes due to the University's inability to provide a safe learning environment.
- April 10: Kenneth Adams, E. L. Vinson & Willis Vinson assaulted singer Nat King Cole on stage during a performance at Municipal Auditorium. They were each sentenced to 180 days in jail.
- March 12: 101 Southern congressmen entered the Southern Manifesto into the Congressional Record, objecting to the implications of Brown v. Board of Education.
- May 26: A Montgomery judge banned the NAACP from operating in Alabama.
- June 5: The Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights was created at a mass meeting at Sardis Baptist Church.
- November 13: The United States Supreme Court issued its ruling in Browder v. Gayle, prohibiting segregation of Montgomery city busses.
- December 25: Fred Shuttlesworth's home was bombed. He emerged from the basement unscathed.
- December 26: Fred Shuttlesworth led hundreds of Blacks onto Birmingham busses in defiance of local law. 22 are arrested and Shuttlesworth files a federal lawsuit against the police.
- The FBI's COINTELPRO program began efforts to disrupt the Communist Party in the United States, eventually spreading to investigate and harass labor and civil rights organizations.
1957
1958
- Birmingham Police arrested ministers who were organizing a bus boycott, leading to an FBI inquiry of allegations of misconduct.
- Fred Shuttlesworth began writing a weekly column for The Pittsburgh Courier, a national black newspaper.
- April 28: 54 sticks of dynamite were left outside Temple Beth-El, but were doused by rain, preventing an explosion.
- June 29: Bethel Baptist Church was bombed by members of the Ku Klux Klan.
1959
1960
- The New York Times sued Fred Shuttlesworth for libel.
1961
- May 14: A Freedom Riders' bus pulled into the Birmingham Trailways Station and was met by a violent mob and no police protection.
- September 23: The Interstate Commerce Commission issued rules prohibiting segregation of interstate passengers, effective November 1.
1962
1963
- January 18: Governor George Wallace made his first inauguration speech, calling for "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever".
- April 3-May 10: Birmingham Campaign
- April 3: The "Birmingham Manifesto" was issued and the first organized sit-ins took place at downtown lunch counters.
- April 7 (Palm Sunday): Ministers John Thomas Porter, Nelson H. Smith and A. D. King led a group of 2,000 marchers to protest the jailing of Civil Rights Movement leaders.
- April 11: The Birmingham Public Library board voted to desegregate the city's public libraries.
- April 12 (Good Friday): Martin Luther King, Jr was arrested for parading without a permit.
- April 16: Martin Luther King, Jr completed his "Letter from Birmingham Jail"
- May 2-4: Children's Crusade, marked by the use of police dogs and firehoses.
- May 10: A truce was announced, ending the Birmingham Campaign.
- June 11: Governor Wallace made his "Stand in the schoolhouse door" before Vivian Malone and James Hood successfully enrolled at the University of Alabama.
- August 28: Martin Luther King, Jr delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.
- September 10: Birmingham City Schools were integrated by National Guardsmen under orders from President Kennedy.
- September 15: 16th Street Baptist Church was bombed, killing four children.
1964
- July 2: President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
- December 10: Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
1965
- March 7: The Selma to Montgomery March was stopped violently by police.
- August 6: President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965.