1963: Difference between revisions

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(On second thought, I think this works better up front. Added some Civil Rights events.)
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'''1963''' was the 92nd year after the founding of the City of [[Birmingham]].
'''1963''' was the 92nd year after the founding of the City of [[Birmingham]].
A watershed in the [[Civil Rights Movement]] occurred in 1963 when Birmingham Civil Rights Movement leader [[Fred Shuttlesworth]] requested that [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] and the [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference]] (SCLC) come to Birmingham to help end segregation (see below). Together they launched "Project C" (for "Confrontation"), a massive assault on the Jim Crow system. During April and May daily sit-ins and mass marches were met with police repression, tear gas, attack dogs, and arrests. More than 3,000 people were arrested during these protests, many of the children. These protests were ultimately successful, leading not only to desegregation of public accommodations in Birmingham but also the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]].
While imprisoned for having taken part in a nonviolent protest, Dr. King wrote the now famous [[Letter from Birmingham Jail]], a defining treatise in his cause against segregation. Birmingham is also known for a bombing which occurred later that year, in which four black girls were killed by a [[1963 church bombing|bomb]] planted at the [[16th Street Baptist Church]]. The event would inspire the African-American poet Dudley Randall's opus, [[The Ballad of Birmingham]], as well as jazz musician John Coltrane's song, "Alabama."


==Events==
==Events==
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===Civil Rights Movement===
===Civil Rights Movement===
[[Image:ACMHR pin.jpg|right|150px]]
[[Image:ACMHR pin.jpg|right|150px]]
{{main|Civil Rights movement}}
{{main| Timeline of the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham}}
A watershed in the civil rights movement occurred in 1963 when Birmingham Civil Rights Movement leader [[Fred Shuttlesworth]] requested that [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] and the [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference]] (SCLC) come to Birmingham to help end segregation. Together they launched "Project C" (for "Confrontation"), a massive assault on the Jim Crow system. During April and May daily sit-ins and mass marches were met with police repression, tear gas, attack dogs, and arrests. More than 3,000 people were arrested during these protests, many of the children. These protests were ultimately successful, leading not only to desegregation of public accommodations in Birmingham but also the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
 
While imprisoned for having taken part in a nonviolent protest, Dr. King wrote the now famous [[Letter from Birmingham Jail]], a defining treatise in his cause against segregation. Birmingham is also known for a bombing which occurred later that year, in which four black girls were killed by a bomb planted at the [[16th Street Baptist Church]]. The event would inspire the African-American poet Dudley Randall's opus, [[The Ballad of Birmingham]], as well as jazz musician John Coltrane's song, "Alabama."


* [[January 18]]: Governor [[George Wallace]] made his first inauguration speech, calling for "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever".
* [[April 3]]-[[May 10]]: The [[Birmingham campaign]] of peaceful protest was carried out in downtown Birmingham.
* [[April 3]]-[[May 10]]: The [[Birmingham campaign]] of peaceful protest was carried out in downtown Birmingham.
** [[April 3]]: The "[[Birmingham Manifesto]]" was issued and the first organized sit-ins took place at downtown lunch counters.
** [[April 3]]: The "[[Birmingham Manifesto]]" was issued and the first organized sit-ins took place at downtown lunch counters.
** [[April 7]] (Palm  Sunday): Ministers [[John Thomas Porter]], [[Nelson H. Smith]] and [[A. D. King]] led a group of 2,000 marchers to protest the jailing of [[Civil Rights Movement]] leaders.
** [[April 7]] (Palm  Sunday): Ministers [[John Thomas Porter]], [[Nelson H. Smith]] and [[A. D. King]] led a group of 2,000 marchers to protest the jailing of [[Civil Rights Movement]] leaders.
** [[April 12]] (Good Friday): [[Martin Luther King, Jr]] was arrested for parading without a permit.
** [[April 11]]: The [[Birmingham Public Library]] board voted to desegregate the city's public libraries.
** [[April 12]] (Good Friday): [[Martin Luther King, Jr]] was arrested for parading without a permit. White clergymen issue "[[A Call for Unity]]", urging an end to demonstrations as a show of support for the incoming city council.  
** [[May 2]]: The [[Children's Crusade]] began.
** [[May 2]]: The [[Children's Crusade]] began.
** [[May 3]]: [[Police dogs and firehoses]] marked the second day of the Children's Crusade.
** [[May 3]]: [[Police dogs and firehoses]] marked the second day of the Children's Crusade.
** [[May 10]]: A truce was announced, ending the [[Birmingham Campaign]].
** [[May 10]]: A truce was announced, ending the [[Birmingham Campaign]].
* [[April 11]]: The [[Birmingham Public Library]] board voted to desegregate the city's public libraries.
* [[May 11]]: [[A. D. King]]'s [[A. D. King residence|residence]] and the [[A. G. Gaston Motel]] were hit by devastating bombs. [[May 1963 riot|Rioting]] spread across the city.
* [[June 11]]: Governor [[George Wallace]] made his "[[stand in the schoolhouse door]]" to prevent integration of the [[University of Alabama]]. [[Vivian Malone]] and [[James Hood]] registered later that day.
* [[June 11]]: Governor [[George Wallace]] made his "[[stand in the schoolhouse door]]" to prevent integration of the [[University of Alabama]]. [[Vivian Malone]] and [[James Hood]] registered later that day.
* [[July 23]]: The [[Birmingham City Council]] repealed its [[Segregation laws|segregation ordinances]] and reopened [[Birmingham City Parks|city parks]].
[[July 12]]: The Fifth U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals ordered that [[Birmingham City Schools]] must be desegregated, beginning that fall.
* [[July 23]]: The [[Birmingham City Council]] repealed its [[Segregation laws|segregation ordinances]] and reopened [[List of Birmingham parks|city parks]].
* [[September 10]]: [[Birmingham City Schools]] were integrated by National Guardsmen under orders from President Kennedy.
* [[September 10]]: [[Birmingham City Schools]] were integrated by National Guardsmen under orders from President Kennedy.
* [[September 15]]: [[16th Street Baptist Church]] was [[1963 church bombing|bombed]] in an act of terror. (See also [[Bombingham#1963|Bombingham]])
* [[September 15]]: [[16th Street Baptist Church]] was [[1963 church bombing|bombed]] in an act of terror. (See also [[Bombingham#1963|Bombingham]])

Revision as of 10:43, 3 January 2013

1963 was the 92nd year after the founding of the City of Birmingham.

A watershed in the Civil Rights Movement occurred in 1963 when Birmingham Civil Rights Movement leader Fred Shuttlesworth requested that Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) come to Birmingham to help end segregation (see below). Together they launched "Project C" (for "Confrontation"), a massive assault on the Jim Crow system. During April and May daily sit-ins and mass marches were met with police repression, tear gas, attack dogs, and arrests. More than 3,000 people were arrested during these protests, many of the children. These protests were ultimately successful, leading not only to desegregation of public accommodations in Birmingham but also the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

While imprisoned for having taken part in a nonviolent protest, Dr. King wrote the now famous Letter from Birmingham Jail, a defining treatise in his cause against segregation. Birmingham is also known for a bombing which occurred later that year, in which four black girls were killed by a bomb planted at the 16th Street Baptist Church. The event would inspire the African-American poet Dudley Randall's opus, The Ballad of Birmingham, as well as jazz musician John Coltrane's song, "Alabama."

Events

Business

Civil Rights Movement

ACMHR pin.jpg
Main article: Timeline of the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham

July 12: The Fifth U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals ordered that Birmingham City Schools must be desegregated, beginning that fall.

Government

George Wallace in 1968

Sports

Works

Letter from Birmingham City Jail cover.jpg

Music

  • Angels and Demons at Play, Sun Ra and his Myth Science Arkestra
  • When Sun Comes Out, Sun Ra and his Myth Science Arkestra

Buildings

Fritz Woehle residence

People

Births

Charles Barkley
A. C. Roper

Marriages

Albert Boutwell. courtesy BPL Archives

Offices

Awards

Graduations

Collins, McNair, Robertson, and Wesley

Deaths

See also List of Birmingham homicides in 1963


1960s
<< 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 >>
Births - Deaths - Establishments - Events - Works
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